Layer 4: Transport

The Transport Layer provides end-to-end communication services for applications.

Key Points
  • Ensures reliable data transfer
  • Handles segmentation and reassembly of data
  • Manages flow control and error recovery
  • Provides connection-oriented (TCP) and connectionless (UDP) services
  • Implements end-to-end error detection and correction
  • Handles data acknowledgment and retransmission
Attacks
  • TCP SYN Flood: Overwhelming a system with TCP connection requests without completing the handshake, exhausting server resources.

  • UDP Flood: Sending a large number of UDP packets to random ports on a target system, potentially causing a denial of service.

  • Session Hijacking: Taking over an active TCP session by predicting sequence numbers and injecting malicious packets.